Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

School of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1243

A research program of risk factors for bloat in dogs (canine gastric dilatation-volvulus; CGDV) has been underway at Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine since September, 1991. The long-term objectives of this research are to:

  1. Identify the multiple host and environmental factors that predispose dogs to bloat.
  2. Develop, implement, and evaluate preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches for bloat.
  3. Educate veterinarians and dog owners about prevention and treatment of bloat.
  4. Coordinate research efforts on bloat and act as a clearing house for information regarding this disease.


With funding from the Morris Animal Foundation, breed clubs, and individual dog owners, five bloat studies were undertaken and completed from September 1991 through August 1995. The principal investigator for these studies was Dr. Larry Glickman, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology. The co-investigators were Dr. Gary Lantz, Professor of Surgery, and Dr. William Widmer, Associate Professor of Diagnostic Imaging, both in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences. These completed studies were titled:

  • Retrospective Record Review and Host Factor Analysis Using the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB)
  • Objective: to describe the frequency of CGDV in a broad-based hospital population during 1980-1989 and to generate hypotheses regarding risk factors for occurrence of CGDV. Ref: Analysis of risk factors for gastric dilatation and dilatation-volvulus in dogs. LT Glickman, NW Glickman et.al. J Amer Vet Med Assoc, 204(9); May 1, 1994; 1465-1471.
  • Practitioner/Owner Case-Control Study
  • Objective: To test specific hypotheses regarding risk factors which may predispose a dog to bloat and study precipitating factors.
  • Practitioner/Owner Prospective Survival Study
  • Objective: To evaluate prognostic factors for recurrence and postoperative mortality in CGDV.
  • Radiographic Morphometry Study
  • Objective: Use radiographs to assess chest conformation as a risk factor for bloat. Ref: An ecological assessment of the relationship between thoracic conformation and the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. LT Glickman, NW Glickman, et.al. Journal of Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 36(6), 1995.
  • Inheritance Patterns of CGDV Risk .
  • Objective: Characterize the role of inheritance in the risk of CGDV.

A "Prospective Study of Morphometric, Genetic, and Dietary Risk Factors for Bloat" began in March 1996, and is funded by the Morris Animal Foundation, the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, breed clubs, and individual donors. The principal investigator is Dr. Larry Glickman, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, and the co-investigators are Dr. Gary Lantz, Professor of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, and Nita Glickman, Research Coordinator/Computer Analyst, Center for the Human-Animal Bond.

The main purposes of this study are to:

  1. Measure the incidence of bloat in 10 large and giant pure breeds.
  2. Determine the relationship between body conformation, particularly the depth/width ratio of the chest and abdomen, and the risk of bloat in individual dogs within a breed.
  3. Evaluate the influence of family history of bloat on risk in individual dogs.
  4. Evaluate effect of diet and personality characteristics as predisposing factors.


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