Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

Background Information

Research Updates on CGDV (Bloat)

• Purdue University Prospective Study of CGDV (Bloat)
• Update on Bloat Research at Purdue - 10/22/99
• Update on Bloat Research at Purdue - 3/1/2000
• Calculate Lifetime Bloat Risk - 3/1/2000
• Dietary Risk Factors for Canine Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (Bloat) - 1/23/2002

Bloat Notes - A newsletter about bloat.

We are no longer publishing Bloat Notes. For the most current information on bloat research
see the section above titled - Research Updates on CGDV (Bloat).

• January 1998
• January 1997

Reproduced with permission from Purdue University Epidemiology Department

BLOAT STUDY FACTS:

Since Purdue University doesn't current publish their abstract results - here is an overview of their findings.
For further information - please contact Dr Larry Glickman at Purdue University.

CONTENTS OF FOOD AND BLOAT

Malathi Raghavan, DVM, MS; Lawrence T. Glickman, VMD, DrPH; Nita W.Glickman, MS, MPH; Diana B. Schellenberg

Dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs were identified using a nested case-control study. Of 1991 dogs from 11 large- and giant-breeds in a previous prospective study of GDV, 106 dogs that developed GDV were selected as cases while 212 remaining dogs were randomly selected as controls. A complete profile of nutrient intake was constructed for each dog based on owner-reported information, published references and nutrient databases. Potential risk factors were examined for a significant relationship with GDV risk using unconditional logistic regression.

The study confirmed previous reports of increased risks of GDV associated with increasing age, having a first-degree relative with GDV, and having a raised food bowl. New significant findings included a 2.7-fold (or 170%) increased risk of GDV in dogs that consumed dry foods containing fat among the first four ingredients. A significant increase in bloat has been seen with dry food mixed with water. A singificant DECREASE in bloat was seen when a dog was fed home-cooked human grade foods. The study showed that dry food remains in the dog's stomach for up to 72 hours. Home cooked diets are digested faster and are generally out of the stomach within 4 hours of feeding. This greatly reduced the incident of bloat.

The risk of GDV was increased 4.2-fold (or 320%) in dogs that consumed dry foods containing citric acid that were also moistened prior to feeding by owners. Dry foods containing a rendered meat meal with bone among the first four ingredients significantly GDV risk by 53.0%.

Approximately 30% of all cases of GDV in this study could be attributed to consumption of dry foods containing fat among their first four ingredients, while 32% could be attributed to consumption of owner-moistened dry foods that also contained citric acid. These findings can be used by owners to reduce their dogs' risk of GDV. This manuscript has been accepted for publication in the Journal of the Animal Hospital Association.

Diet-Related Risk Factors for Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in Dogs of High-Risk Breeds


FINDINGS: VOLUME OF FOOD FED Malathi Raghavan, DVM, PhD Nita Glickman, MS, MPH George McCabe, PhDGary Lantz, DVMLawrence T. Glickman, VMD, DrPH

From the Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology, (Raghavan, N. Glickman, L. Glickman), Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Lantz), and Statistics (McCabe),Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2027.

A nested case-control study was conducted among 1634 dogs with complete diet information in a 5-year prospective study to determine diet-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Cases included 106 dogs that developed GDV; controls included 212 dogs without GDV that were frequency matched to cases by year of GDV onset.

Proportionate energy consumed from major food types and from carbohydrates was determined. Dogs were categorized as consuming either a low volume or high volume of food based on the median number of cups of food fed per kg of body weight per meal. Dogs fed a larger volume of food per meal were at a significantly increased risk of GDV, regardless of the number of meals fed daily.

For both large-and giant-breed dogs, the risk of GDV was highest for dogs fed a larger volume of food once daily.


References: 1. http://www.vet.purdue.edu/epi/bloat.htm 2.Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Schellenberg, DB, et al. Non-dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in large and giant breed dogs.

We at Spellbound Collies STRONGLY suggest the following:

1. Do not use elevated dishes
2. Do not moisten dry food
3. Read labels. Do NOT any commerical food that has fat in the first 5 ingredients.
4. Cut large pieces of beef or even hard french bread into large pieces to slow the dog's eating.
Findings show that dogs that quickly gulp their food have a higher incidence of bloat.
5. We prefer canned food or home cooked diets.
6. Do NOT feed large meals.
7. Feed several smaller meals throughout the day (preferably 2 or 3)

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