   
Dietary Risk Factors for Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus
(Bloat) in 11 Large and Giant Dog Breeds: A Nested Case-Control
Study
ABSTRACT
Malathi Raghavan, DVM, MS; Lawrence T. Glickman, VMD, DrPH;
Nita W. Glickman, MS, MPH; Diana B. Schellenberg*, MS.
Dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in
dogs were identified using a nested case-control study. Of 1991
dogs from 11 large- and giant-breeds in a previous prospective
study of GDV, 106 dogs that developed GDV were selected as cases
while 212 remaining dogs were randomly selected as controls. A
complete profile of nutrient intake was constructed for each dog
based on owner-reported information, published references and
nutrient databases. Potential risk factors were examined for a
significant (.<0.05) relationship with GDV risk using
unconditional logistic regression.
The study confirmed previous reports of an increased risk of
GDV associated with increasing age, having a first-degree
relative with GDV, and having a raised food bowl. New significant
findings included a 2.6-fold (or 160%) increased risk of GDV in
dogs that consumed dry foods containing fat among the first four
ingredients. The risk of GDV significantly increased 3-fold (or
200%) in dogs that consumed dry foods containing citric acid as a
preservative. Dry foods containing a rendered meat meal with bone
product among the first four ingredients significantly decreased
GDV risk by 53.0%. Moistening of dry food alone was not
associated with GDV risk, but consumption of owner-moistened dry
foods that also contained citric acid significantly increased GDV
risk 4-fold (or 300%). Approximately 30 and 33% of all cases of
GDV in this study could be attributed to consumption of dry foods
containing fat among their first four ingredients or citric acid,
respectively. These findings can be used by owners to select dry
foods that may reduce the risk of GDV.
Note: A detailed report of this study will be submitted
for publication in a peer-reviewed veterinary journal. Until it
is published, we are prevented by journal copyright policy to
release any information other than this abstract.
Reproduced with permission from Purdue
University Epidemiology Department
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